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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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Murders in a Medieval Monastery
June 13, 1983
The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 502
pages; $15.95
When a renowned Italian expert in semiotics, the arcane science of
signs, sets out to write a thriller, the resulting fiction is bound to
bristle with more obscure clues, mysterious ciphers and symbolic
happenings than were ever conjured up by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. So
it is with Umberto Eco's first novel, The Name of the Rose, a Sherlock
Holmesian fantasy in a medieval setting.
Eco, 51, is the author of a study of the sources of James Joyce's
language, as well as more than a dozen other scholarly works,
including The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of
Texts (Indiana University Press; 1979). By far the most successful of
his writings, The Name of the rose won the two top literary awards in
Italy, the Premio Strega and the Premio Viareggio, and has sold
500,000 copies there since 1980.
In the U.S., where the Middle Ages are less modish than in Europe, the
book's popularity depends on how much medieval esoterica readers are
willing to slog through to reach the heart of the story. For Eco's
novel, fluidly translated by William Weaver, is not only an
entertaining narrative of a murder investigation in a monastery in
1327. it is also a chronicle of the 14th century's religious wars, a
history of monastic orders and a compendium of heretical movements.
All of this is recounted in the language of theological disputation,
Scholastic discourse and--caveat lector--Latin.
The author tips his hat to sir Arthur early on. The name of his
medieval detective, William of Baskerville, is an echo of the Sherlock
Holmes story The Hound of the Baskervilles. In the 14th century
context, William is a Franciscan friar, famed for his formidable
powers of deduction. His companion and disciple is called Adso, or in
French, Adson, as in the phrase "Elementary, my dear Adson."
The pair are traveling together at a time of troubles for the church.
An inquisition is raging against heretics, casting a dark and menacing
shadow over the whole era. The Emperor in Milan and the Pope in
Avignon are battling for ascendancy over the Holy Roman Empire. The
Emperor, Louis IV, has sent William to the abbot of a rich and
powerful Benedictine monastery in Italy on a mission of conciliation.
The Franciscan and Adso arrive at the abbey right after the body of a
young monk has been discovered. Suicide or murder is suspected. The
abbot, aware of William's skills at detection, persuades him to
investigate the death.
The atmosphere at the abbey, already poisoned by suspicions of heresy
and unholy lust among some of the monks, quickly becomes lethal as
other mysterious deaths take place--a total of seven bloody deeds.
William speculates that the killer may be inspired by the Book of
Revelation, where it is prophesied that a series of seven trumpet
calls will signal death and destruction fore the Apocalypse.
William's attention focuses on the abbey's library, a repository of
divine and secular texts that is meant to symbolize all the world's
knowledge. No one but the librarian and his assistant has access to
its labyrinthine secret rooms. The abbot explains: "The library
defends itself, immeasurable as the truth it houses, deceitful as the
falsehood it preserves." William suspects that the victims were
murdered for seeking out a single forbidden book. "What the
temptation of adultery is for laymen and the yearning for riches is
for secular ecclesiastics, the seduction of knowledge is for monks."
he muses. "Why should they not have risked death to satisfy a
curiosity of their minds, or have killed to prevent someone from
appropriating a jealously guarded secret of their own?"
After some 450 pages, William locates both the forbidden volume and
the "Antichrist" who has engineered the murders. it would violate the
rules of sport to give more away, except to report that the book is
the "lost" second volume of Aristotle's Poetics. Book I explored the
nature of tragedy; Book II supposedly inquired into comedy, extolling
it as a force for good. This the murderer could not abide. As
William explains to Adso, he "did a diabolical thing because he loved
his truth so lewdly that he dared anything in order to destroy
falsehood. . . Perhaps the mission of those who love mankind is to
make people laugh at the truth, to make truth laugh, because the only
truth lies in learning to free ourselves from insane passion for the
truth."
Critics in Italy have viewed Eco's book as a parable of contemporary
Italian political life, which has its share of murderous fanatics and
absolutist ideologies. Others have seen it as a work of vast
erudition, to be read on several levels of ethical, political and
historical concern. More likely, though, The Name of the Rose is a
monumental exercise in mystification by a fun-loving scholar. The
enigmatic title offers a clue to his intentions. When queried about
its meaning, Eco replied that "the name of the rose" is an expression
sometimes used in the Middle Ages to denote the infinite power of
words: "Abelard, for example, claimed that the rose subsists in its
name, even if the rose is not there, or has never existed." As a
retort, some readers might find a plebeian Latin saying singularly
apt. It is res. non verba, which translates roughly into a call for
more substance, fewer words.
--By Patricia Blake
Excerpt
"Don't worry. The horse came this way and took the path to the
right.' `When did you see him?' the cellarer asked. "We haven't seen
him at all, have we Adso?' William said. `How did you know?' `Come,
come," William said, `It is obvious you are hunting for Brunellus, the
abbot's favorite horse, 15 hands, the fastest in your stables, with a
dark coat, a full tail.' A few minutes later, monks and servants
reappeared, leading the horse by its halter. `And now tell me' -- in
the end I could no restrain myself--`how did you manage to know?' `My
good Adso,' my master said, `during our whole journey I have been
teaching you to recognize the evidence through which the world speaks
to us like a great book.'"