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- Murders in a Medieval Monastery
-
- June 13, 1983
-
- The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 502
- pages; $15.95
-
- When a renowned Italian expert in semiotics, the arcane science of
- signs, sets out to write a thriller, the resulting fiction is bound to
- bristle with more obscure clues, mysterious ciphers and symbolic
- happenings than were ever conjured up by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. So
- it is with Umberto Eco's first novel, The Name of the Rose, a Sherlock
- Holmesian fantasy in a medieval setting.
-
- Eco, 51, is the author of a study of the sources of James Joyce's
- language, as well as more than a dozen other scholarly works,
- including The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of
- Texts (Indiana University Press; 1979). By far the most successful of
- his writings, The Name of the rose won the two top literary awards in
- Italy, the Premio Strega and the Premio Viareggio, and has sold
- 500,000 copies there since 1980.
-
- In the U.S., where the Middle Ages are less modish than in Europe, the
- book's popularity depends on how much medieval esoterica readers are
- willing to slog through to reach the heart of the story. For Eco's
- novel, fluidly translated by William Weaver, is not only an
- entertaining narrative of a murder investigation in a monastery in
- 1327. it is also a chronicle of the 14th century's religious wars, a
- history of monastic orders and a compendium of heretical movements.
- All of this is recounted in the language of theological disputation,
- Scholastic discourse and--caveat lector--Latin.
-
- The author tips his hat to sir Arthur early on. The name of his
- medieval detective, William of Baskerville, is an echo of the Sherlock
- Holmes story The Hound of the Baskervilles. In the 14th century
- context, William is a Franciscan friar, famed for his formidable
- powers of deduction. His companion and disciple is called Adso, or in
- French, Adson, as in the phrase "Elementary, my dear Adson."
-
- The pair are traveling together at a time of troubles for the church.
- An inquisition is raging against heretics, casting a dark and menacing
- shadow over the whole era. The Emperor in Milan and the Pope in
- Avignon are battling for ascendancy over the Holy Roman Empire. The
- Emperor, Louis IV, has sent William to the abbot of a rich and
- powerful Benedictine monastery in Italy on a mission of conciliation.
- The Franciscan and Adso arrive at the abbey right after the body of a
- young monk has been discovered. Suicide or murder is suspected. The
- abbot, aware of William's skills at detection, persuades him to
- investigate the death.
-
- The atmosphere at the abbey, already poisoned by suspicions of heresy
- and unholy lust among some of the monks, quickly becomes lethal as
- other mysterious deaths take place--a total of seven bloody deeds.
- William speculates that the killer may be inspired by the Book of
- Revelation, where it is prophesied that a series of seven trumpet
- calls will signal death and destruction fore the Apocalypse.
-
- William's attention focuses on the abbey's library, a repository of
- divine and secular texts that is meant to symbolize all the world's
- knowledge. No one but the librarian and his assistant has access to
- its labyrinthine secret rooms. The abbot explains: "The library
- defends itself, immeasurable as the truth it houses, deceitful as the
- falsehood it preserves." William suspects that the victims were
- murdered for seeking out a single forbidden book. "What the
- temptation of adultery is for laymen and the yearning for riches is
- for secular ecclesiastics, the seduction of knowledge is for monks."
- he muses. "Why should they not have risked death to satisfy a
- curiosity of their minds, or have killed to prevent someone from
- appropriating a jealously guarded secret of their own?"
-
- After some 450 pages, William locates both the forbidden volume and
- the "Antichrist" who has engineered the murders. it would violate the
- rules of sport to give more away, except to report that the book is
- the "lost" second volume of Aristotle's Poetics. Book I explored the
- nature of tragedy; Book II supposedly inquired into comedy, extolling
- it as a force for good. This the murderer could not abide. As
- William explains to Adso, he "did a diabolical thing because he loved
- his truth so lewdly that he dared anything in order to destroy
- falsehood. . . Perhaps the mission of those who love mankind is to
- make people laugh at the truth, to make truth laugh, because the only
- truth lies in learning to free ourselves from insane passion for the
- truth."
-
- Critics in Italy have viewed Eco's book as a parable of contemporary
- Italian political life, which has its share of murderous fanatics and
- absolutist ideologies. Others have seen it as a work of vast
- erudition, to be read on several levels of ethical, political and
- historical concern. More likely, though, The Name of the Rose is a
- monumental exercise in mystification by a fun-loving scholar. The
- enigmatic title offers a clue to his intentions. When queried about
- its meaning, Eco replied that "the name of the rose" is an expression
- sometimes used in the Middle Ages to denote the infinite power of
- words: "Abelard, for example, claimed that the rose subsists in its
- name, even if the rose is not there, or has never existed." As a
- retort, some readers might find a plebeian Latin saying singularly
- apt. It is res. non verba, which translates roughly into a call for
- more substance, fewer words.
-
- --By Patricia Blake
-
- Excerpt
-
- "Don't worry. The horse came this way and took the path to the
- right.' `When did you see him?' the cellarer asked. "We haven't seen
- him at all, have we Adso?' William said. `How did you know?' `Come,
- come," William said, `It is obvious you are hunting for Brunellus, the
- abbot's favorite horse, 15 hands, the fastest in your stables, with a
- dark coat, a full tail.' A few minutes later, monks and servants
- reappeared, leading the horse by its halter. `And now tell me' -- in
- the end I could no restrain myself--`how did you manage to know?' `My
- good Adso,' my master said, `during our whole journey I have been
- teaching you to recognize the evidence through which the world speaks
- to us like a great book.'"